What is fracturing pump truck? What is the working principle of fracturing pump truck?

Abstract: Fracturing pump truck is a kind of engineering machinery which commonly used in the oil exploitation industry. It mainly forms fractures in the oil and gas reservoir through the pumping pressure of the pump truck, so as to increase the production of oil wells. When the fracturing pump truck works, the pump truck will send the water pump to the oil well. With the help of the high pressure held at the bottom of the well, the reservoir rock will be broken and cracks will be generated. At the same time, sand with higher density than the formation will be mixed into the pumped liquid to support the cracks. When selecting fracturing pump truck, the parameters of oil and gas well, oil and gas reservoir and fracturing shall be considered.

1、 What is fracturing pump truck

Fracturing pump truck, as its name implies, is a pump truck used for fracturing operation. Fracturing is a term in the oil field, which means that in the process of oil or gas production, man-made use of hydraulic action to form fractures in the oil and gas reservoir, so as to improve the underground flow environment of oil and increase the production of oil wells. The main function of fracturing pump truck is to crack the oil and gas reservoir through pumping water, so as to improve the bottom hole flow conditions of oil wells, slow down the interlayer and improve the production conditions of oil layers. It is mainly applicable to various fracturing pump fluid injection operations in deep wells, medium deep wells and shallow wells of oil and gas fields.

The fracturing pump truck is generally composed of chassis, platform engine, hydraulic transmission box, three cylinder plunger pump, high and low pressure manifold and liquid and gas circuit operation control system. The main pump is three cylinder plunger pump, which can adapt to the pumping operation of different types of liquids, including hydraulic fracturing with proppant fracturing fluid, acid fracturing, high-pressure pumping of different liquids (liquid and mixed liquid) and pressure test.

2、 What is the working principle of fracturing pump truck

Fracturing pump truck is a commonly used engineering machinery in fracturing technology. After the oil well is produced to a certain stage, the productivity and permeability will be reduced. In order to enhance the oil drainage capacity and improve the oil well production, the fracturing pump truck will be used for fracturing operation.

The principle of fracturing pump is:

1) The fracturing pump truck group stops at the position where fracturing operation needs to be carried out on the oil field ground. The fluid is injected into the oil well at high speed by using the pressure of the pump. With the help of the high pressure held up at the bottom of the well, the reservoir rock is broken and cracks are generated.

2) When the fracturing pump truck pumps liquid, it usually mixes sand several times higher than the formation density into the injected liquid to let it enter the fracture together with the liquid. This is mainly to prevent the fracture from closing automatically due to the pressure drop after the fracturing pump truck stops. After adding sand, these sand will stay in the fracture permanently and support the fracture in the open state.

3、 What parameters should be considered in the selection of fracturing pump truck

a) Oil and gas well parameters

The category, diameter, downhole string, wellhead device, cementing quality, location of perforated well section, perforation mode, cartridge type, phase angle, hole density and hole size, downhole tool specification, size, rated pressure, bearing temperature and location of fractured well.

b) Reservoir parameters

Reservoir effective permeability, porosity, oil saturation, effective thickness, reservoir formation pressure and static temperature. Phase permeability relationship and fluid properties of reservoir oil and water. Rock mechanical properties. The vertical distribution and horizontal principal stress orientation of in-situ stress in the reservoir. Lithology, thickness and in-situ stress value of shielding layer, well oil test, development and production and production test, etc.

c) Fracturing parameters

Fracture fracture pressure, extension pressure and closure pressure, fracturing fluid type, rheology, viscosity temperature and viscosity time, filtration and damage, proppant type and its compressive strength, conductivity and fracture proppant layer permeability, pump discharge, average sand liquid ratio, pump injection sequence, fracturing equipment power and its pressure limit Data of previous fracturing practice and production response before and after fracturing.